1、设备对象
引入uiautomator,获取设备对象<所谓设备对象可理解为:Android模拟器或者真机>
语法:from uiautomator import device as d
d 即为设备对象
1.1、获取设备信息
语法:d.info
返回值:
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`{ u``'displayRotation'``: 0,`` ``u``'displaySizeDpY'``: 640,`` ``u``'displaySizeDpX'``: 360,`` ``u``'currentPackageName'``: u``'com.android.launcher'``,`` ``u``'productName'``: u``'takju'``,`` ``u``'displayWidth'``: 720,`` ``u``'sdkInt'``: 18,`` ``u``'displayHeight'``: 1184,`` ``u``'naturalOrientation'``: True``}` |
返回值解释如下:
displayRotation 0 代表竖屏 1 代表横屏
currentPackageName 当前的Activity的Package名字
productName 当前设备名称
displayWidth 当前设备屏幕宽度 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时,也就是说当前是横屏状态时,displayWidth 取值会和 displayHeight 互换
displayHeight 当前设备屏幕高度 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时,也就是说当前是横屏状态时,displayHeight 取值会和 displayWidth 互换
sdkInt 当前SDK版本
naturalOrientation 当 displayRotation 取值为 1 时,也就是说当前是横屏状态时,取值为False,为竖屏状态时,取值为:True
1.2、点亮或熄灭屏幕(Turn on/off screen)
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# Turn on screen d.screen.on() # Turn off screen d.screen.off() # wakeup the device d.wakeup() # sleep the device, same as turning off the screen. d.sleep() |
检查屏幕状态,关闭OR点亮?
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if d.screen == "on": # of d.screen != "off" # do something in case of screen on pass if d.screen == "off": # of d.screen != "on" # do something in case of screen off pass |
1.3、系统常用按键
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# press home key d.press.home() # press back key d.press.back() # the normal way to press back key d.press("back") # press keycode 0x07('0') with META ALT(0x02) on d.press(0x07, 0x02) |
下面的这些按键也是被支持的,如下:
Next keys are currently supported:
home #手机Home键
back #手机返回键
left #对应键盘上的向右键<-
right #对应键盘上的向右键->
up #对应键盘上的向上键
down #对应键盘上的向下键
center #选中?
menu #菜单
search #查找?
enter #对应键盘上的Enter键
delete
(ordel
) #对应键盘上的DEL键 用于删除recent
(recent apps) #任务切换volume_up #声音向上调整
volume_down #声音向下调整
volume_mute #静音按键
camera #拍照
power #电源键
1.4、与设备交互(单击、长按、滑动(手势密码)、拖拽)
单击屏幕坐标点
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# click (x, y) on screen d.click(x, y) |
长按屏幕坐标点
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# long click (x, y) on screen d.long_click(x, y) |
在屏幕上滑动
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# swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d.swipe(sx, sy, ex, ey) # swipe from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d.swipe(sx, sy, ex, ey, steps=10) |
在屏幕上拖拽
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# drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) d.drag(sx, sy, ex, ey) # drag from (sx, sy) to (ex, ey) with 10 steps d.drag(sx, sy, ex, ey, steps=10) |
1.5、屏幕操作及屏幕方向获取与控制<上述:displayRotation 0 代表竖屏 1 代表横屏>,竖屏分为 natural(自然的,正常的竖屏) 和 upsidedown(倒过来的竖屏),横屏分为向左和向右两个方向,分别为:left 和 right
设备属性:orientation 可能取得值为:
natural
orn
left
orl
right
orr
upsidedown
oru
(can not be set)
说明:在手机设备上,倒过来的屏幕很少见,因此:d.orientation 取值 upsidedown 的可能性几乎没有
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# retrieve orientation, it may be "natural" or "left" or "right" or "upsidedown" 获取设备屏幕方向如下: orientation = d.orientation # set orientation and freeze rotation. # notes: "upsidedown" can not be set until Android 4.3. 设置设备屏幕方向如下: d.orientation = "l" # or "left" d.orientation = "r" # or "right" d.orientation = "n" # or "natural" |
锁屏/解除锁屏
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# freeze rotation d.freeze_rotation() #锁屏 # un-freeze rotation d.freeze_rotation(False) #解锁 |
截屏操作
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# take screenshot and save to local file "home.png", can not work until Android 4.2. d.screenshot("home.png") |
打开通知或快速设置
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# open notification, can not work until Android 4.3. d.open.notification() # open quick settings, can not work until Android 4.3. d.open.quick_settings() |
注意:(如果notification已经打开了,调用d.open.quick_settings()不会打开快速设置)
等待空闲或窗口更新(Wait for idle or window update)
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# wait for current window to idle d.wait.idle() # wait until window update event occurs d.wait.update() |
2、uiautomator 选择器
选择器是在当前窗口中标识特定的UI对象。可理解为:UiObject对象
目前,在uiautomator中支持以下属性选择器:
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text, textContains, textMatches, textStartsWith className, classNameMatches description, descriptionContains, descriptionMatches, descriptionStartsWith checkable, checked, clickable, longClickable scrollable, enabled,focusable, focused, selected packageName, packageNameMatches resourceId, resourceIdMatches index, instance |
下面依次进行解读:
2.1、text选择器(支持在uiautomator中Text属性不为空的元素)
例如:

具体用法如下:
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d(text="Maps").click() #当然也可以多个属性在一块使用 d(text="Maps",className="android.widget.TextView").click() #或者 d(text="Maps",className="android.widget.TextView",packageName="com.google.android.apps.nexuslauncher").click() |
总之:要尽可能的使用选择器唯一确定一个被选择对象(UiObject)
除了可以进行选择UiObject对象以外,我们亦可以使用选择器设置某些元素的值,如下:

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#输入短信目标手机号 d(text="To").set_text("10086") #如果本窗口中有多个text为To的元素,我们也可以使用多属性选择 d(text="To",packageName="com.google.android.apps.messaging").set_text("10086").set_text("10086") |
textContains,textMaches,textStartsWith 分别代表:包含,正则表达式,以XXX开头等
例如:
d(text="Name").set_text("John")
d(textContains="ame").set_text("John")
d(textStartsWith="Nam").set_text("John")
2.2、className,classNameMatches 类选择器 及 description, descriptionContains, descriptionMatches, descriptionStartsWith 描述选择器 及 packageName, packageNameMatches 包选择器 及 resourceId, resourceIdMatches ResId选择器用法和text选择器类似,都可以多属性选择器结合在一起使用。

示例代码如下:
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# To seleted the object ,text is 'Clock' and its className is 'android.widget.TextView' d(text='Clock', className='android.widget.TextView') d(description="add new contact").click() d(descriptionContains="new contact").click() d(descriptionStartsWith="add new").click() |
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#resourceid选择器 d(resourceId="com.android.contacts:id/menu_save").click() #text选择器 d(textStartsWith="Nam").set_text("John") #描述选择器 d(descriptionContains="new contact").click() #多属性结合 d(text="Name",className="android.widget.EditText").set_text("John") #index选择器和child选择器 d(resourceId="com.android.settings:id/list").child(className="android.widget.LinearLayout", index=2).child(resourceId="android:id/widget_frame").child(resourceId="android:id/switch_widget").click() |
在此,说明下child、sibling选择器和index选择器及instance选择器(严格讲instance不是选择器,仅仅只是在输出多个结果的情况下,可以通过索引(下标)进行选择)
首先说明child选择器,sibling选择器:分别可理解为:子选择器(可嵌套),兄弟姐妹选择器

如上图右边部分,从上到下层次分为四层,最后一层的两个元素可理解为兄弟姐妹,在此,我们如果要选择最下面的那个元素就可以用到child选择器及sibling选择器,当然,本人不建议使用孩子,兄妹选择器,如果能用其他方法实现,建议用其他方法:
在此,我写的方法如下:<没有具体验证,仅仅只是演示>
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#孩子选择器及兄弟姐妹选择器的用法:child/sibling d(resourceId="id/pager").child(className="android.widget.FrameLayout").child(resourceId="id/empty_view").child(resourceId="id/empty_image_hint").sibling(packageName="com.google.android.apps.messaging") |
2.3、index选择器及instance,比较容易混淆的两个,一个是选择器,一个代表索引,如下:
index选择器对应uiautomator的index属性,如下:

其用法和text选择器大同小异,不过在此需要指出的是,有些窗体中index取值会发生改变,因此,能不用index选择器的,尽可能不用!
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#index选择器 d(className="android.widget.LinearLayout", index=2).click() |
instance 的用法:当你的选择器返回的结果不是指向唯一元素时(两个或者多个),你可以通过instance进行选择。
贺晓聪原文:
Multiple instances
Sometimes the screen may contain multiple views with the same e.g. text, then you will have to use "instance" properties in selector like below:
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d(text="Add new", instance=0) # which means the first instance with text "Add new" |
However, uiautomator provides list like methods to use it.
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# get the count of views with text "Add new" on current screen d(text="Add new").count # same as count property len(d(text="Add new")) # get the instance via index d(text="Add new")[0] d(text="Add new")[1] ... # iterator for view in d(text="Add new"): view.info # ... |
2.4、获取选定的UI对象状态及其信息(Get the selected ui object status and its information)
检测特定的UI对象是否存在(Check if the specific ui object exists)
两种写法,如下:
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d(text="Settings").exists # True if exists, else False d.exists(text="Settings") # alias of above property. |
检索特定UI对象的信息(Retrieve the info of the specific ui object)
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d(text="Settings").info |
(结果为列表List),如下:
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{ u'contentDescription': u'', u'checked': False, u'scrollable': False, u'text': u'Settings', u'packageName': u'com.android.launcher', u'selected': False, u'enabled': True, u'bounds': {u'top': 385, u'right': 360, u'bottom': 585, u'left': 200}, u'className': u'android.widget.TextView', u'focused': False, u'focusable': True, u'clickable': True, u'chileCount': 0, u'longClickable': True, u'visibleBounds': {u'top': 385, u'right': 360, u'bottom': 585, u'left': 200}, u'checkable': False } |
设置/清除字段或编辑文本
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d(text="Settings").clear_text() # clear the text d(text="Settings").set_text("My text...") # set the text |
执行单击特定的UI对象
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# click on the center of the specific ui object d(text="Settings").click() # click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object 单击右下方 d(text="Settings").click.bottomright() # click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object 单击左上方 d(text="Settings").click.topleft() # click and wait until the new window update 单击并等待窗体响应 d(text="Settings").click.wait() |
长时间点击特定的ui对象,双击?
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# long click on the center of the specific ui object d(text="Settings").long_click() # long click on the bottomright corner of the specific ui object 右下角 d(text="Settings").long_click.bottomright() # long click on the topleft corner of the specific ui object 左上角 d(text="Settings").long_click.topleft() |
将UI对象拖动到另一点
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# notes : drag can not be set until Android 4.3. # drag the ui object to point (x, y) d(text="Settings").drag.to(x, y, steps=100) # drag the ui object to another ui object(center) 拖拽到text='Clock'的对象位置上 d(text="Settings").drag.to(text="Clock", steps=50) |
滑动UI对象
滑动分为四个方向:left ,right,top ,bottom 即:左滑动 右滑动 上滑动 及向下滑动
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d(text="Settings").swipe.right() d(text="Settings").swipe.left(steps=10) d(text="Settings").swipe.up(steps=10) d(text="Settings").swipe.down() |
Two point gesture from one point to another
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d(text="Settings").gesture((sx1, sy1), (sx2, sy2)) .to((ex1, ey1), (ex2, ey2)) |
Two point gesture on the specific ui object
Supports two gestures:
In
, from edge to centerOut
, from center to edge
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# notes : pinch can not be set until Android 4.3. # from edge to center. here is "In" not "in" d(text="Settings").pinch.In(percent=100, steps=10) # from center to edge d(text="Settings").pinch.Out() |
3 point gesture
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d().gestureM((sx1, sy1), (sx2, sy2),(sx3, sy3)) \ .to((ex1, ey1), (ex2, ey2),(ex3,ey3)) d().gestureM((100,200),(300,200),(600,200),(100,600),(300,600),(600,900)) |
等到特定的UI对象出现或消失
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# wait until the ui object appears d(text="Settings").wait.exists(timeout=3000) # wait until the ui object gone d(text="Settings").wait.gone(timeout=1000) |
在具体的UI对象执行甩(滚动)Perform scroll on the specific ui object(scrollable)
Possible properties:
horiz
orvert
forward
orbackward
ortoBeginning
ortoEnd
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# fling forward(default) vertically(default) d(scrollable=True).fling() # fling forward horizentally d(scrollable=True).fling.horiz.forward() # fling backward vertically d(scrollable=True).fling.vert.backward() # fling to beginning horizentally d(scrollable=True).fling.horiz.toBeginning(max_swipes=1000) # fling to end vertically d(scrollable=True).fling.toEnd() |
Perform scroll on the specific ui object(scrollable)-在具体的UI对象执行甩(滚动)
Possible properties:
horiz
orvert
forward
orbackward
ortoBeginning
ortoEnd
, orto
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# scroll forward(default) vertically(default) d(scrollable=True).scroll(steps=10) # scroll forward horizentally d(scrollable=True).scroll.horiz.forward(steps=100) # scroll backward vertically d(scrollable=True).scroll.vert.backward() # scroll to beginning horizentally d(scrollable=True).scroll.horiz.toBeginning(steps=100, max_swipes=1000) # scroll to end vertically d(scrollable=True).scroll.toEnd() # scroll forward vertically until specific ui object appears d(scrollable=True).scroll.to(text="Security") |

很不错,在大佬的博客,学到很多python知识。