文章目录
一.pyinstaller简介
pyinstaller将Python脚本打包成可执行程序,使在没有Python环境的机器上运行
最新版是pyinstaller 3.1.1。支持python2.7和python3.3+。
可运行在Windows,Mac和Linux操作系统下。
但它不是跨编译的,也就是说在Windows下用PyInstaller生成的exe只能运行在Windows下,在Linux下生成的只能运行在Linux下。
二.pyinstaller在windows下的安装
使用命令pip install pyinstaller即可 在windows下,pyinstaller需要PyWin32的支持。当用pip安装pyinstaller时未找到PyWin32,会自动安装pypiwin32
三.打包
打包的app里并不包含任何源码,但将脚本的.pyc文件打包了。
基本语法:
pyinstaller options myscript.py
常用的可选参数如下:
–onefile 将结果打包成一个可执行文件
–onedir 将所有结果打包到一个文件夹中,该文件夹包括一个可执行文件和可执行文件执行时需要的依赖文件(默认)
–paths=DIR 设置导入路径
–distpath=DIR 设置将打包的结果文件放置的路径
–specpath=DIR 设置将spec文件放置的路径
–windowed 使用windows子系统执行,不会打开命令行(只对windows有效)
–nowindowed 使用控制台子系统执行(默认)(只对windows有效)
–icon=
如pyinstaller –paths=”D:\Queena” guess_exe.py
四.小实例(windows下)
写好游戏文件guess_exe.py,代码如下:
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__author__ = 'qa-2' # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 摇3次骰子,当总数total,3<=total<=10时为小,11<=total<=18为大 import random import time def enter_stake(current_money): ‘’’输入小于结余的赌资及翻倍率,未考虑输入type错误的情况’’’ stake = int(input(‘How much you wanna bet?(such as 1000):’)) rate = int(input(“What multiplier do you want?你想翻几倍?(such as 2):”)) small_compare = current_money < stake * rate while small_compare == True: stake = int(input(‘You has not so much money ${}!How much you wanna bet?(such as 1000):’.format(stake * rate))) rate = int(input(“What multiplier do you want?你想翻几倍?(such as 2):”)) small_compare = current_money < stake * rate return stake,rate def roll_dice(times = 3): ‘’’摇骰子’’’ print(‘<<<<<<<<<< Roll The Dice! >>>>>>>>>>’) points_list = [] while times > 0: number = random.randrange(1,7) points_list.append(number) times -= 1 return points_list def roll_result(total): ‘’’判断是大是小’’’ is_big = 11 <= total <= 18 is_small = 3 <= total <= 10 if is_small: return ‘Small’ elif is_big: return ‘Big’ def settlement(boo,points_list,current_money,stake = 1000,rate = 1): ‘’’结余’’’ increase = stake * rate if boo: current_money += increase print(‘The points are ‘ + str(points_list) + ‘ .You win!’) print(‘You gained $’ + str(increase) + ‘.You have $’ + str(current_money) + ‘ now.’ ) else: current_money -= increase print(‘The points are ‘ + str(points_list) + ‘ .You lose!’) print(‘You lost $’ + str(increase) + ‘.You have $’ + str(current_money) + ‘ now.’ ) return current_money def sleep_second(seconds=1): ‘’’休眠’’’ time.sleep(seconds) # 开始游戏 def start_game(): ‘’’开始猜大小的游戏’’’ current_money = 1000 print(‘You have ${} now.’.format(current_money)) sleep_second() while current_money > 0: print(‘<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Game Starts! >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>’) your_choice = input(‘Big or Small: ‘) choices = [‘Big’,‘Small’] if your_choice in choices: stake,rate = enter_stake(current_money) points_list = roll_dice() total = sum(points_list) actual_result = roll_result(total) boo = your_choice == actual_result current_money = settlement(boo,points_list,current_money,stake,rate) else: print(‘Invalid input!’) else: sleep_second() print(‘Game Over!’) sleep_second(2) if name == ‘main‘: start_game() |
之后命令行,切换到guess_exe.py的目录下,
输入:
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pyinstaller --onefile --nowindowed --icon=" D:\Queena\PyCharmProjects\dist1\computer_three.ico" guess_exe.py |
就会在当前文件下形成build文件夹、dist文件夹和.spec文件。
dist里就是guess_exe.exe可执行文件。

如果有打包错误,具体看build里的warn*.txt文档,里面详细记载了错误的原因。一般都是库丢失。
spec文件告诉PyInstaller如何去处理脚本。它对脚本名以及大多数pyinstaller的可选参数进行加密。PyInstaller就是通过执行spec文件的内容来build the app。
